SURVEYING (VOL 1) By B.C Punnia 2005

Additional Information

Category

Engineering

Edition

16th Edition

Author

B.C. Punnia

Pages

280

All Devices All Devices 280 Engineering

Size

22 MB

Published

2005

2005

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Idrees Elahi Friday, May 21st, 2021 is the most famous version in the series of publisher B.C. Punnia.

SURVEYING (VOL 1)

By

B.C Punnia

SURVEYING (VOL1) pdf Cover photo

ABOUT SURVEYING (VOL 1):

Surveying is an art of determining relative positions on, above or beneath the surface of the earth by means of direct measurements or indirect measurements of distance, direction and elevation. The application of the survey requires skill along with knowledge of maths, physics and a bit of astronomy.

    The knowledge of surveying is beneficial in many phases of engineering, every engineering project requires surveys like establishing of roads, canals, railways, dams etc. 

Prior to plans estimates are prepared, boundaries are established and topographies of that area are ascertained. After the plans are made, structures must be staked out on the ground. As the work progresses, lines and grades must be drawn.

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About Author: 

Surveying (VOL 1) Is written by B.C Punnia Formerly, Proff. And head, Deptt. Of civil engineering, and Dean, Faculty of Engineering at M.B.M COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING JODHPUR.

1. ASHOK KUMAR JAIN: Director, Arihant Consultants, JODHPUR.

1. ARUN KUMAR JAIN: Asst prop. M.B.M ENGINEERING COLLEGE, JODHPUR.

(SIXTEENTH EDITION)

THOROUGHLY REVISED AND ENLARGED AS MENTIONED IN THE PDF

– PLANE SURVEYING (MODULE 1)

Course Outcomes: At the end of the Course, the student will be able to understand:

CO1 :Explain surveying: principles, Classification and linear measurements using chain and tape. 

CO2 :Solve various problems related to compass surveying 

CO3 :Compute the reduction of levels and prepare contour maps

CO4 :Use theodolite for various applications in construction field and trigonometrical surveying 

CO5 :Calculate the areas of irregular boundaries. 

CO6 :Calculate earthwork volume and reservoir capacity

Module-2 

-COMPASS SURVEYING 

Chain surveying can be used when the area to be surveyed is relatively small and is fairly even, but when the area is exceeding the limit, undulated and crowded with many details, triangulation is not possible. In such an area, the method of traversing is adopted. 

-Traversing : In Traversing, the framework consists of a number of connected lines. The length is measured by a chain or a tape and the directions measured by angle measuring instruments. In one of the methods, the angle (direction) measuring instrument is the compass. Hence, in compass surveying directions of survey lines are determined with a compass and the length of the lines are measured with a tape or a chain. This process is known as compass traversing.

• Instruments used for direct measurement of directions. 

1. Surveyor’s compass. 
2. Prismatic compass. 

• Instruments for measuring angles 

1. Sextant. 
2. Theodolite.

Also we will study the different meridians and bearings used in surveying. 

They are:

1. True Meridian
2. Magnetic Meridian
3. Arbitrary Meridian

• Common systems of notation of bearings: 

1. Whole circle bearing (WBC) or Azimutal System. 
2. Quadrantal bearing system (Q B)

• What is a compass? And the temporary adjustments used in compass:

1. Fixing
2. Centering
3. Levelling

• Working of a compass and its parts with diagrams.
• Conversion of WCB to QB
• Magnetic declination and Local attraction
• Elimination of local attraction

 MODULE 3:

                               LEVELLING

1. What is levelling
2. Principles of levelling
3. Terms used in levelling:

Level Surface

Level Line

Horizontal Plane

Horizontal line

Datum

Mean Sea Level

Elevation or Reduced level

Bench Mark (B.M.)

Line of collimation

Height of instrument

Back sight

Fore sight(F.S.)

Intermediate sight.(I.S.)

Change Point (C.P)

1. Instruments used in levelling:

Dumpy level

Tilting Level

Wye level

Auto level

1. Components of Dumpy level

• Telescope 
• Bubble tubes 
• Compass
• Vertical spindle 
• Tribrach screws 
• Foot screws 
• Leveling head 
• Tripod

1. Procedure of Dumpy Level Surveying

Setting up of instrument  

Levelling up  

Focusing

1. Benefits of Dumpy Level Surveying
2. Drawbacks of Dumpy Level Surveying 
3. Classification of Levelling  

• Simple Levelling  
• Differential Levelling  
• Fly Levelling  
• Check Levelling  
• Profile Levelling  
• Cross Levelling  
• Reciprocal Levelling  
• Precise Levelling  
• Trigonometric Levelling 
• Barometric Levelling  
• Hypsometric Levelling

CONTOURING:

1. What is contouring?
2. Process of Contouring
3. Contour interval and Horizontal Equivalent
4. Characteristics of contours

Hills

Depression

Ridge

Cliff

1. Process of contouring
2. Method of contouring

Direct Method

Indirect method

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